IMC 2011 · Problem 4

Day 118th IMC · Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria

Statement

Let A1,A2,…,AnA_1, A_2, \dots, A_n be finite, nonempty sets. Define the function

f(t)=∑k=1n∑1≤i1<i2<⋯<ik≤n(−1)k−1t∣Ai1∪Ai2∪⋯∪Aik∣.f(t) = \sum_{k=1}^{n} \sum_{1 \le i_1 < i_2 < \dots < i_k \le n} (-1)^{k-1} t^{|A_{i_1} \cup A_{i_2} \cup \dots \cup A_{i_k}|}.

Prove that ff is nondecreasing on [0,1][0,1].

(∣A∣|A| denotes the number of elements in AA.)

Official solution

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